A perfluoroalkyl substance; decreases PPARγ transactivation in a reporter assay and induces apoptosis in NRK-52E cells at 50 nM, effects that can be reversed by rosiglitazone; increases MDA levels and decreases GSH levels in zebrafish larvae at 20 mg/L; decreases body weight and induces hepatomegaly, renal hypertrophy, neoplastic growth in the gonads, thickening of pulmonary epithelial walls, and focal hyperplasia of cerebral gliocytes in rats at 20 mg/kg; maternal serum exposure is positively associated with gestational diabetes and umbilical cord serum levels are negatively associated with infant birth weight and head circumference; has been found in lake trout, marine mammals, and urban watersheds